Prostate-specific antigen

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Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts

The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing patterns in the recent prostate cancer incidence decline in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 9, 519-527. 10. Etzioni, R., Penson, D. F., Legler, J. M., di Tommaso, D., Boer, R., Gann, P. H., and Feuer, E. J. (2002). Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: Lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94, 981-990. 11. Kolonel, L. N. (1997). Racial and geographic variations in prostate cancer and the effect of migration. In "Accomplishments in Cancer Research 1996" (J. G. Fortner and P. A.

Bottom Line's Health Breakthroughs 2007 Bottom Line Health See book keywords and concepts

Men on TRT should be given both a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for prostate cancer and a digital rectal exam (DRE) twice a year. As testosterone levels move from low to normal, it's typical to experience a slight rise in PSA levels and a slight increase in prostate size, but these changes usually present no problem. Estrogen Affects Men, Too Both men and women produce varying degrees of estrogen and testosterone. There's some evidence that men who are low in estrogen or related hormones may have an increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

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Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 1;12(13):4018-4026. Sumner MD, Elliott-Eller M, Weidner G, Daubenmier JJ, Chew MH, Marlin R, Raisin CJ, Ornish D. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 15;96(6):810-813. Potatoes www.healthypotato.com Albert, NM. We are what we eat: women and diet for cardiovascular health. / of Cardiovas Nurs. 2005;20(6):451-460. Betturer K.

Men with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) scores after receiving radiation therapy who consumed pomegranate juice daily had an increase in cell apoptosis (cell death) and a decrease in cell proliferation. And other research points to pomegranate's ability to inhibit protaste tumor growth. HYPERTENSION: A human study involving hypertensive patients who consumed eight ounces of pomegranate juice for fourteen days showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure and a thirty-six percent decreased risk of stroke.

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They recommend the prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, test, even though there is little to suggest that it reduces a man's chances of dying from prostate cancer prematurely. Much of the discretionary care, "the small stuff," as Elliott Fisher put it in his study of hospital spending patterns—the vena cava filters, the laryngoscopies, the pulmonary artery catheters—has never been shown to improve survival, much less comfort, in many of the patients who receive it. Even many big-ticket procedures and surgeries have never been subjected to rigorous scientific inquiry.

A routine checkup for the average middle-aged American male will almost certainly include a cholesterol test, a colonoscopy, and a PSA, or prostate-specific antigen, test for prostate cancer. Women will be given many of the same tests, along with a DEXA scan for osteoporosis. Radiologists have recently begun setting up Doppler ultrasound booths in local malls, where you can have your carotid arteries checked for blockages. Then there's the CA-1 2$ test for ovarian cancer, calcium screening for cardiovascular disease, and spiral CT scan for lung cancer. And that's only a partial list.

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Preventive Medicine Typically, if you are a mainstream allopathic physician, preventive medicine is limited to elective stress testing, mammography, screening for prostate-specific antigen, periodic lipid profiling and giving cursory attention to life-style changes and diet. This kind of medicine offers only a shadow of what preventive medicine needs to be. According to the New York Times, "New evidence keeps emerging that the medical profession has sold its soul in exchange for what can only be described as bribes from the manufacturers of drugs and medical devices.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts

Significant differences were also not identified between the two groups in terms of maximal urinary flow rate, residual volume after voiding, prostate size, or serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Quality of life, side effects, and laboratory values remained similar.

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Ateam of researchers has developed a prostate cancer "risk calculator" that they say is better than the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test alone. The calculator adds age, race, family history, prior biopsy findings and digital rectal exam (DRE) results to PSA levels to assess a man's risk of prostate cancer. THE STUDY Study author Dr. Ian M.

Your Symptoms Are Real: What to Do When Your Doctor Says Nothing Is Wrong Benjamin H. Natelson, M.D. See book keywords and concepts

A few years ago, a fifty-two-year-old pilot went for his annual physical exam and had his blood checked for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although standard medical texts (and insurance companies) do not endorse using PSA as a screen for prostate cancer, it is well known that patients with prostate cancer often have elevated levels of PSA. So when the pilot's PSA rose from normal levels of 1.1 and 1.6 in prior years to 3.9, he became concerned. His doctor told him not to worry since the levels still were within normal limits, but the pilot said he wanted his prostate gland biopsied.

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The ACS now recommends an annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test as well as a digital rectal exam (DRE) for healthy men older than 50. The organization advises that men at higher risk—such as African-Americans and patients who have a history of prostate cancer in their family—begin such testing at age 45. Radiation Therapy Helps 94% of Younger Men Who Have Prostate Cancer Andre Konski, MD, clinical research director, radiation oncology department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia. Durado Brooks, MD, director of prostate cancer, American Cancer Society. Cancer.

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Caution: Men who supplement with testosterone should closely monitor their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, as excess testosterone has been linked to prostate cancer. Also, be luct on the Internet is not recommended Herbal Therapy The herb ginseng has been used since ancient times and has accumulated much folklore about its actions and uses. One variety, Oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng), has received a great deal of attention as a potential aid to virility, and animal studies have indeed shown that Panax ginseng increases testosterone levels.

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Important: Men who are at high risk for prostate disease—due to an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test or an abnormally sized or shaped prostate—or those experiencing low energy, a decrease in libido or other symptoms associated with a hormonal imbalance, should ask their doctors to include estrogen as part of a wide-spectrum hormonal screening test. Andrew L. Rubman, ND, medical director, Southbury Clinic for Traditional Medicines, Southbury, CT. Not All Hernias Need Surgery Robert J. Fitzgibbons, Jr., MD, professor of surgery, Creighton University, Omaha.

After one year, the researchers found no difference between the two groups in terms of symptoms, urine flow rates, prostate size, quality of life or blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a marker for an enlarged prostate. "Obviously, for anyone who holds saw palmetto in high regard, these results are a little bit disappointing," says Dr. Ronald A. Morton, director of urologic oncology at the Cancer Institute of New Jersey.

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Now, the primary way to measure prostate health (along with the digital rectal exam) is through a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. This test measures inflammation in the prostate. Contrary to popular belief, a high score doesn't automatically mean you have cancer; it simply means that your prostate is enlarged for some reason, be it cancer or something else. More important than learning the actual number is monitoring your change from year to year or every six months if the number is high, so you can see whether growth and inflammation are gradual or shoot up like a hot stock.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts

Silibinin decreases prostate-specific antigen with cell growth inhibition via Gl arrest, leading to differentiation of prostate carcinoma cells: implications for prostate cancer intervention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 96(13):7490-5, Jun 22, 1999. Zi X, Feyes DK, Agarwal R. Anticarcinogenic effect of a flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 468: induction of Gl arrest through an increase in Cipl/p21 concomitant with a decrease in kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and associated cyclins. In: Clin Cancer Res; 4(4): 1055-64, Apr 1998.

Silibinin reduces intracellular and secreted forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and inhibits cell growth via a Gl arrest in cell cycle progression in hormone-refractory prostate carcinomas. Silibinin-induced Gl arrest decreases the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and associated cyclins for an anticarcinogenic effect (Zi, 1999; Zi, 1998) clinical trials Hepatitis Twenty-four subjects with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

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The men who received the lycopene supplement had lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and less aggressive tumors than the nonsup-plemented control group. Plus, their tumors were smaller. Other studies have shown that people who eat lots of tomatoes and tomato products have less prostate cancer, a fact that has largely been attributed to the high lycopene content of tomatoes. And in a review of seventy-two studies, one researcher reported fifty-seven associations between blood lycopene levels and reduced rates of cancer, thirty-five of which were statistically significant.

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Since its introduction 20 years ago, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test has become a key tool for screening men for prostate cancer. Until the PSA test, men received only a digital rectal exam (DRE), in which the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for lumps and thickenings that suggest a tumor. The PSA test became popular because it can help detect some prostate cancers earlier than the DRE alone. An elevated PSA level doesn't necessarily mean that cancer is present, but it can indicate the need for a biopsy.

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A blood test called a PSA (for prostate-specific antigen) is a good idea. Though the test is hardly conclusive for cancer, PSA is frequently elevated in the blood of men with prostate cancer. Other Helpful Supplements Although saw palmetto is the superstar nutrient for "curing" all-night bathroom breaks, four other supplements have also been found to be helpful. Pygeum is an extract from the bark of an African tree and is approved in at least three countries in Europe as a BPH remedy. It relieves symptoms of BPH and contains at least three types of compounds that help the prostate.

Safe Trip to Eden: Ten Steps to Save Planet Earth from the Global Warming Meltdown David Steinman See book keywords and concepts

However, unlike clear-cut cases of cancer, PIN alone has no apparent influence on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, which is measured to help gauge the severity of a cancer. Indeed, no laboratory studies, other than a tissue biopsy, can diagnose PIN. Imaging studies such as ultrasound have not proven useful either. That's because PIN isn't cancer yet. But it could well be; it's like letting a four-year-old child play with a book of matches and expecting no one to be burned. PIN has been identified as a precursor lesion to prostate cancer, says Aaron Katz, MD.

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts

Effects of diet and exercise on insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and prostate-specific antigen. Nutr. Cancer 31, 127-131. 345. Duffield-Lillico, A. J., Dalkin, B. L., Reid, M. E., Turnbull, B. W., Slate, E. H., Jacobs, E. T., Marshall, J. R., and Clark, L. C. (2003). Selenium supplementation, baseline plasma selenium status and incidence of prostate cancer: An analysis of the complete treatment period of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. BJU Int. 91, 608-612. 346. Klein, E. A., Thompson, I. M., Lippman, S. M., Goodman, P. J., Albanes, D., Taylor, P. R, and Coltman, C. (2000).

Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: Lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94, 981-990. 11. Kolonel, L. N. (1997). Racial and geographic variations in prostate cancer and the effect of migration. In "Accomplishments in Cancer Research 1996" (J. G. Fortner and P. A. Sharp Eds.), pp. 221-230. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. 12. Miller, B. A., Kolonel, L. N., Bernstein, L., Young, J. L. J., Swanson, G. M., West, D. W., Key, C. R., Liff, J. M., Glo-ver,C. S., and Alexander, G. A. (Eds.). (1996).

In recent years, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has come into widespread use. This test is not specific for prostate cancer, however, and gives an abnormal result if there is any increased tissue growth in the gland, such as occurs in BPH. Because of its sensitivity, the PSA test can lead to the diagnosis of very early, microscopic tumors.

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To screen for prostate cancer, we recommend getting both the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and the digital rectal examination annually beginning at age 40, especially for men in high-risk groups, such as those with a strong familial predisposition, and African Americans. Special exams for men Insulin Resistance, Weight Gain, and Appetite Insulin itself is classified as an anabolic hormone. That means that it promotes growth of both muscle and fat in those who are insulin sensitive.

The Science of Flavonoids Erich Grotewold See book keywords and concepts

Our experiments showed that TF3 inhibits rat liver microsomal 5-a-reductase activity and significantly reduced androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cell growth, suppressed expression of the AR, and lowered androgen-induced prostate-specific antigen secretion and fatty acid synthase protein level. Our result suggests that TF3 might be useful as a chemoprevention agent for prostate cancer through suppressing the function of androgen and its receptor (Lee et al., 2004).

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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Sulfate This test is used to identify the source of excessive androgen (hirsutism and/or virilization) and in the identification of adrenocortical disease, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal tumors. ¦ prostate-specific antigen (PSA) PSA is produced by normal, hyperplastic, and cancerous prostatic tissue. Serum PSA has been found to be the most sensitive marker for monitoring individuals with prostate cancer and to enhance efficacy in monitoring progression of disease and response to therapy.

Handbook of Medicinal Plants Amarjit S. Basra See book keywords and concepts

Treatment of LNCap cells with SAMC also showed a differential effect on prostate-specific antigen (decreased) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (increased) bio-markers similar to that produced by androgen deprivation, suggesting that the effect may be mediated by conversion of testosterone to metabolites less reactive toward androgen receptors.

The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

Prostate The ACS recommends that both the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and the digital rectal examination be offered annually, beginning at age 50, to men who have a life expectancy of at least 10 years and to younger men who are at high risk. Men in high-risk groups, such as those with a strong familial predisposition (i.e., two or more affected first-degree relatives) and blacks, may begin at a younger age (i.e., 45 years). Uterus Cervix: All women who are or have been sexually active or who are 18 and older should have an annual Pap test and pelvic examination.

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In approximately half of the men, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreased, suggesting that the progression of the disease had been halted or reversed; this decrease was sustained for 5 to 17 months.66 In addition, the study was done in Toronto, Canada, where the amount of sunlight is limited and vitamin D status tends to be low. It is not known whethet vitamin D supplementation would be as effective in geographical regions such as the Southern United States, where the amount of sunlight is greater.

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